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Malariais a life threatening disease that is due to Plasmodium parasite and is transmitted through the bite of an septic Anopheles mosquito . Malaria is mostly found in tropical and semitropical area where the parasite can procreate and outlast . accord to WHO in 2016 , half of the universe of the world were at a danger of develop malaria . Typically , malaria develops in citizenry who exist in these tropic and subtropical climates and also in people who travel to these countries where malaria is most coarse .
Which Countries Have Malaria?
So which countries are endemic for malaria ? According to CDC ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention ) 2018 malaria can hap in 100 + nation . The territorial dominion most affected by malaria are large parts of Africa and South Asia , areas of Central and South America , the Caribbean , the Middle East and some Pacific islands .
The countries that are at high risk for malaria are Angola , Burkina Faso , Cameroon , Central African Republic , Chad , Cote D’Ivoire , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Equatorial Guinea , Eritrea , Gabon , The Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guyana , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Nigeria , Papua New Guinea , Senegal , Sierra Leone , Solomon Islands , Somalia , Republic of South Sudan , Sudan , Tanzania , Togo and Uganda . Chloroquine impedance has been find in all of the above countries .
The countries that are at moderate danger for malaria are Afghanistan , Benin , Burma ( also love as Myanmar that is resistant to chloroquine and mefloquine ) , Burundi , Ethiopia , Guinea - Bissau , Haiti ( no drug resistance ) , Honduras ( no drug resistance ) , India , Madagascar , Malawi , Mozambique , Pakistan , Peru , Rwanda , Timor - Leste ( also known as East Timor ) , Vanuatu , Zambia and Zimbabwe . The rest of the above nation are resistant to chloroquine .
The nation that are at humbled risk of malaria are Bangladesh , Bolivia , Botswana , Brazil , Cambodia ( resistance to chloroquine and Larium ) , Colombia , Dominican Republic ( no drug resistance ) , French Guiana , Guatemala , Indonesia , Kenya , Malaysia , Namibia , Nepal , Nicaragua ( no drug resistance ) , Panama , Philippines , South Africa , South Korea ( no drug resistance ) , Suriname , Thailand ( resistance to chloroquine and Larium ) , Venezuela , Vietnam ( resistance to chloroquine and mefloquine ) and Yemen . The remaining above countries is resistant to chloroquine .
The countries that are at very blue risk of infection of malaria are Belize , Bhutan , Cape Verde , China ( resistance to chloroquine and mefloquine ) , Costa Rica ( no drug impedance ) , Ecuador including the Galapagos Islands , El Salvador ( no drug resistance ) , Iran , Laos ( resistance to chloroquine and mefloquine ) , Mexico ( no drug resistance ) , Oman , Sao Tome and Principe , Saudi Arabia , Swaziland and Tajikistan . The rest of the above countries are repellent to chloroquine .
There is presently no data put up for Comoros , Djibouti , Mayotte in France , North Korea ( no drug resistance ) and Western Sahara . The rest period of the above countries are resistive to chloroquine .
factor such as local conditions stipulation , mosquito vector density and infection prevalence , which affect the local malaria transmission system patterns can change very rapidly and can differ from yr to year . The above reckon hazard is based on the number of malaria compositor’s case report by American traveler and also the estimated people that travel to these places .
Prophylaxis and Treatment Of Malaria
The causative parasite for malaria is Plasmodium and the species that most commonly infect humans are Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale . Anopheles mosquito represent as vector for transmitting of the disease , so it is undecomposed to prevent these vectors to forefend transmission system of the disease . Malaria transmitter command is done in two forms , either by long live insecticide treated mosquito earnings and indoor residual crop-dusting .
Chemoprophylaxis is also used to prevent malaria transmittance in travelers who journey to the areas where malaria is dominant . The commonly used antimalarial drug are chloroquine , quinine , quinidine , artemether - lumefantrine , doxycycline ( used in combination with quinine ) , clindamycin ( used in compounding with quinine ) , artesunate , hydroxychloroquine , mefloquine , primaquine , combining of atovaquone and proguanil . There have been a lot of cases of drug resistance all around the creation , especially P. falciparum species to chloroquine . The most effective chemoprophylaxis is Malarone ( combination of atovaquone and proguanil ) . Primaquine has been have it away to cause haemolytic anemia in people with G6PD ( glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase ) deficiency . Therefore , prior to starting of Primaquine , patients must be sieve for deficiency of G6PD . The above drug are also used to handle malaria .
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