What Materials Are Used To Replace Heart Valves?
A defective heart valve or aortic valve call for to be replaced with a twin valve , which can function just like the original aortic valve . This duplicate valve can be either mechanically skillful or biologic . The mechanically skillful valves are made of strong and durable materials like titanium or carbon whereas the biologic valves are made of human or animal tissues .
Why the Aortic Valve Is Replaced?
The aortic valve is a one way opening which separates the heart and aorta . When the heart pump the blood the aortal valve opens so that the descent fleet through it and back flow of blood is prevented . The aortic valve malfunction in two direction :
Aortic Regurgitation : In this condition , the aortic valve does not conclude properly resulting in back flowing or leakage of blood .
Aortic Stenosis : In this shape , the valve does not open up completely or right , so the necessitate amount of stemma is not capable to hap through the aorta .
If any of the above two fault occur in the aorta , there will be a need of refilling of the aortal valve as this shortcoming can not be treat only with medications . This is prognosticate a replacing surgery . The surgeon replaces malfunctioning valve with an artificial valve . The artificial valve contains an orifice which allows the blood to conk , a scheme which opens and exit the valve . calculate on the type of material , there are two type of valves which are generally used for replacement . They are :
Mechanical valve : They are artificial valve made up of plastic , titanium or C . These valves are durable , inviolable and long lasting . Once they are jibe they do not need to be replaced for a long term . The problem with these valves is that blood tends to adhere to it and may create a problem of blood coagulation , so the patients have to take anticoagulant drugs like Coumadin or blood cutting agents throughout their biography . The mechanical valves are unspoilt for children and young patients who are under the age of 40 because they do not require replacement .
The mechanical valve is of three type depending on the opening and closure organization . These three type include :
Reciprocating Ball Type : The first type of mechanical valve has a ball in cage like design in which a rubber ball is used that moves to and fro in a cobalt chromium admixture cage . When the insistency of the blood hail , the valve open up and the blood flows via primary and the secondary opening and between the formal and the metal cage .
Tilting Disk Type : This type includes a rotary disk held by wire - same arms , which extend out in to the orifice . When the disk is opened the main porta gets divided into two unequal orifices .
Two Semicircular - Hinged Leaflet Type : As the name suggests , it consist of two - hemispherical leaflets join to the opening through a flexible joint mechanism . When the valve open up , the folder separates allow the blood flow in one direction .
Biological valve : These types of valves are made up of human or beast tissue . If need from animate being , it is known as Xenograft . If these tissue paper are take from human ticker it is called a Homograft or Allograft . Sometimes the biological valve is made out of the patient ’s own tissues , which is known as Autograft . The biologic valve are not as strong as the mechanical valves and lasts up to 10 to 20 years , after which they have to be substitute . The affected role need not take any anti - coagulator as in the case of mechanical valves . Biological valves are used more often in the senior patient role , especially those who are above 65 because in child and unseasoned patients there is a danger of breakage of the biologic valve .
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