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Glaucoma is a outgrowth of degeneration ofoptic nervefibers , which usually go on because of gamy intraocular pressure which is mostly more than 21 mm Hg . At times there is sudden painless exit of visual sensation . This is an emergency situation .
Glaucoma can be of two type : open angle and angle closure glaucoma .
In open angle glaucoma there is trabecular internet fibrosis which do decreased drainage of aqueous temper which leads to increase in intraocular press . Excess production and decreased drainage both are responsible for increased intraocular pressing .
slant closure glaucoma occur in vitrine of mid - dilated pupil when the iris get adhere to the lens fibres and blocks the period of aqueous liquid body substance from posterior compartment to prior compartment . Thus there is increment in intraocular press in later compartment which pushes the iris forward forming “ iris bombe ” which get adhered to trabecular meshwork thus end up block the meshing and increasing the pressure .
So open as well as close angle glaucoma major etiology is growth in intraocular pressure which brings changes in crystalline lens fiber and finally deteriorating the vision .
symptom includeheadacheand sudden loss of imaginativeness . These are two major symptoms with which a affected role visit a medico .
What is the First Sign of Glaucoma?
The first polarity which is encountered in aesculapian recitation is increase in intraocular pressure which can be notice by a tonometer . Doctor ask to place the tip of tonometer on the orb and get exact interpretation of the pressure changes . A variation of 8 mm Hg suggests of unresolved angle glaucoma whereas , pressure of 5 mm Hg suggests that there is underlie problem . There is usually diurnal mutant encounter in intraocular insistence . In former stages intraocular air pressure growth from 21 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg .
Another determination of glaucoma is prior segment changes which usually remain normal in open angle glaucoma while in unaired angle glaucoma there is narrowing of anterior section .
After a prolonged geological period of time there are certain disc changes that admit changes in visual disc which usually begins with peripheral changes and then moving towards centre .
Splinter hemorrhagesare seen .
Cup Disc proportion is more than 0.7 suggestive of glaucoma .
NRR cutting is also a prominent feature of glaucoma .
Blood vessel are shifted nasally and thus associate with bayonet signal or Z appearance at the edge of cup .
Lamellar dot star sign is another such finding which is find on lamina cribrosa .
Pulsations may be felt in optic disc .
At fourth dimension disk edema is even see to it along with thehemorrhage .
Inferior and superior – upright oval cup is check which is have intercourse as Hoyt ’s augury . This is associated with NRR atrophy .
Central disc changes are the most common change witness by a physician in a patient of glaucoma . compound of the loving cup is also seen .
asunder from changes in optical record there is vision changes link up with glaucoma which includes various patterns .
As the devolution reaches the maximal level there are chances of totalvision loss .
The disease get along rapidly and thus proper timely management is central step to prevent the disease .
The drugs to be give vary from clear slant glaucoma to close slant glaucoma . The drug of choice is beta blockers in candid angle glaucoma and for close angle glaucoma the drug of choice is acetazolamide . consequently discussion should be plan . In emergency in area where there is no medication available physician break the adhesion by applying force per unit area on theeyeballand thus reducing the pressure . These are the most common methods used in rural background where there is lack of facilities and medicament .
Hence glaucoma , which is still considered a cause of blindness in spring up land , should be treated smartly so as to decoct the incidence of blindness .
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