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The late outbreak of the Nipah computer virus in the state of Kerala in India has highlighted the problem of unexampled and emerging viruses that are causing fatal infections in man and fauna . In recent years , the occurrence ofzoonosis , that is disease that are transmitted to humans from animal , has been develop rapidly . The natural host for the Nipah virus is fruit squash racket and the first outbreak of the disease was identify in Malaysia in 1998 . In some vitrine , it has also been seen that sometimes pigs also serve as the intermediate hosts for Nipah virus .
While in many Nipah virus eruption , it has been observe that there were no intermediate hosts . For object lesson , consumption of contaminated date palm sap that has been infected by fruit bats can also lead to an outbreak of Nipah computer virus contagion . Human to human transmission of Nipah virus has also been documented . To infer the late outbreak of Nipah computer virus contagion better , let us obtain out what exactly is the Nipah virus , how it is transmitted , what are the symptoms , treatment option , and whether or Nipah virus infection is transmittable .
What is the Nipah Virus?
The Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) is a fairly unexampled virus that causes stern disease in both animals and humans . The computer virus is a zoonotic disease , meaning that Nipah virus gets channelise from animal to humans . In the case of Nipah virus , the animal which transmits this infection is Fruit bats from the Pteropus genus or the Pteropodidae Family . First identified in 1998 during an eruption in Malaysia , the virus is named after the settlement it was discovered in – Kampung Sungai Nipah Village . Nipah virus , along with the Hendra virus , has been made into a new genus known as Henipavirus , under the subfamily Paramyxovirinae .
yield bats have been name to be the raw carriers of Nipah virus ( NiV ) and even sure slovenly person are know to be the intermediate postman of the virus . Due to the copiousness of fruits bats all over South Asia , Nipah virus ( NiV ) outbreaks are more probable to occur in these impress countries . However , fruits bats are sleep together to be migratory in nature , and therefore it is possible for the virus to crop up in unexpected places . So far , the Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) has infected 477 people and kill 252 hoi polloi since 1998 .
outbreak of Nipah computer virus contagion have been detect to follow a potent seasonal pattern and have a limited geographic range till now . ordinarily , during a Nipah virus outbreak , the human death rate of NiV infections have been seen to range between 50 - 75 % , though it is possible for it to be as gamy as 100 % in some outbreaks .
How Does Nipah Virus Get Transmitted?
Infected fruit bat throw the computer virus through their voiding and also through bodily secernment such as saliva , ejaculate , and pee . However , these infect bats are ordinarily symptom less flattop . Amongst pigs , though , the Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) is severely transmissible and spread by coughing . In fact , coming into direct contact with infected pigs are experience to be the prevalent manner of transmission of the virus to humans . In the 1998 Nipah virus irruption in Malaysia , 90 % of the infected individuals were pig husbandman or had some form of contact with pigs .
crapulence of fresh date palm sap is also known to be an indirect method acting of transmission of the Nipah virus to mankind .
The Nipah computer virus also pass through polluted fruits , for instance , if there are half - eaten fruits impart by the yield bats and someone else total in contact with these , there is a high danger of catching the Nipah virus .
In the former outbreak in Kerala , India , we are seeing evidence of man to human contagion as wellness workers are becoming infected .
Is the Nipah Virus Infection Contagious?
Yes , the Nipah Virus Infection is extremely contractable .
What are the Symptoms of Nipah Virus Infection?
When humans become infected with Nipah computer virus contagion , it causes an symptomless infection . Within 5 to 15 days of being divulge to the virus , the symptoms of the infections start becoming visible . The mutual signs and symptom of a Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) contagion include :
The initial symptom of Nipah virus begin with a fever , a headache and somnolence , follow by genial muddiness and disorientation . From the time these symptom of Nipah virus infection appear , an septic person can fall away into a state of coma within 24 to 48 hours itself .
The Nipah virus is also associated with firing in the mind , due to which the fever may spike , leading to a state of confusion and delirium . Many patient may also live respiratory , neurological , and pulmonary symptoms . Encephalitis is also another ramification of Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) .
How is Nipah Virus Infection Diagnosed?
research laboratory diagnosis of Nipah virus ( NiV ) includes histopathology , serology , virus isolation , and PCR . The Serum Neutralization Test , ELISA test , and RT - PCR are used for getting a laboratory confirmation .
What is the Treatment for Nipah Virus Infection?
There is presently no treatment usable for a Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) transmission . The treatment is only limit to providing supportive care to alleviate the symptoms of Nipah virus infection and give affected role some consolation . However , the WHO indicate out that as with any infectious diseases , it is authoritative that all standard contagion control pattern are follow to deflect the paste of the Nipah virus infection . Suspected cases of Nipah virus ( NiV ) infection have to be isolated and intensive supportive care has to be throw to patient role suffering from Nipah virus infection . The drug Ribavirin has show to be effective in in vitro tests , but the drug has not been establish to be efficient in human examination .
Prevention and Care in Nipah Virus Infection
As there is no vaccine usable for Nipah virus ( NiV ) transmission , the only means is to prevent becoming infect in the first place . abide aside from having date palm , as salute raw particular date medallion sap is known to cause Nipah virus ( NiV ) .
Conclusion
Nipah virus transmission is a fairly new disease that has been discovered . Spreading from animals to humanity , the Nipah virus is highly contagious and proper care needs to be taken to control the spreading of the Nipah computer virus contagion . citizenry know in and around the orbit where a Nipah computer virus outbreak has occurred , need to avoid cause fruits that have been burn by animals or birds . It is necessary to maintain good personal hygienics and also stick away from place where squash racquet can be found in big numbers . emphatically avoid eat fruits that have fallen on the ground and also avoid coming in contact with people who are infected with the computer virus . If you are handling patients have Nipah computer virus ( NiV ) , then check that you wear a mask and gloves while handling them . A little fleck of precaution can go a prospicient elbow room in preventing the spread of the Nipah virus infection .
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