Abrain tumorstarts developing when any healthy psyche cells undergo cell division appendage without any controller , thus forming a mass known as a tumor . Medulloblastoma comprises of three small word – Latin tidings ‘ myelin ’ act inner substance , marrow or sum ; next is Hellenic word ‘ blastos ’ meaning germ or crude , or not amply developed , and the last one is Greek word ‘ oma ’ meaning tumor . In short , Medulloblastoma is a type of central skittish systemmalignant tumorof unexploited or naive wit cellular phone present inside the cerebellum . Although rarefied , Medulloblastoma is the most coarse pediatric non - incursive malignant , rapidly produce tumor representing about 20 % of central nervous system cancer . Mostly , medulloblastoma is seen to happen in children around 15 years of eld and rarely strike adults . Medulloblastoma is more or less more common in a male child than distaff . Usually , this tumor reply well to medical treatment .
What is Medulloblastoma?
Medulloblastoma is a most commoncentral nervous system , high - ground level , fast - produce embryonal cancerous learning ability tumour affect mostly 10 to 20 % of children between 3 and 5 days of age . Medulloblastomas commonly produce in the posterior fossa , a part of the cerebellum on the story of the skull in the brain and from there it may spread and metastasise to the various part of the brain or the spinal cord through the CSF or cerebrospinal fluid . Medulloblastomas may often propagate to dissimilar character of the body , particularly in the bone marrow or finger cymbals .
Symptoms of Medulloblastoma
The sign and symptoms of medulloblastoma vary from one patient to another . The likely manifestation of the disease is mentioned in the following :
Epidemiology of Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastomas ordinarily involve every 2 people per million per year and affect minor 10 time more than adult i.e. , it make up for about 20 % of all types of puerility brain tumor . The rate of medulloblastoma is in high spirits in male person ( 65 % ) than female ( 35 % ) small fry . Medulloblastoma is more rife in a younger child than the elderly one , i.e. , 40 % of tyke are diagnosed at 5 years of age , 31 % between 5 and 9 years of old age , 18 % between 10 and 14 years of age , and 13 % between 15 and 19 twelvemonth of age .
Prognosis of Medulloblastoma
Prognosis of medulloblastoma commonly depends on the eld of the patient when the diagnosis is done , the extent and size of the tumor , level ofmetastasis , and finally , the amount of neoplasm mass remove safely . All these factors also determine the endurance rate . Generally , a child below 3 years of age has very low survival charge per unit mainly because of the more aggression of the disease . Otherwise , if the tumor has spread to spinal electric cord then natural selection rate is around 60 % and if has not open , then survival charge per unit is about 80 % .
Causes of Medulloblastoma
The genuine cause of medulloblastoma is completely unknown . However , research are still going on in empathize the exact pathophysiology behind the cause of this neoplasm . Chromosome or gene change is supposed to play a lively role in the growth of this tumor . Medulloblastoma has not seen to be inherited generations after generation and no family history is responsible for for the cause of this disease . However , medulloblastoma is often associate with rare transmitted ailment or any specific chromosomal abnormalities at some stage of development of a kid .
Pathophysiology of Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastomas usually develop near the 4th ventricle , between the cerebellum and the brain stem . It is believed that medulloblastomas arises from embryonic or unfledged brain cells at the other phase of development , depending upon the unlike subgroup of medulloblastoma . Recent genomic studies have found out that this character of tumor in reality has four distinct clinical as well as molecular variants ; such as Sonic Hedgehog or SHH , Group 4 , WNT / β - catenin , and Group 3 . Repeated mutations are also seen in soul with medulloblastoma in genes like PTCH1 , CTNNB1 , SMARCA4 , MLL2 , CTDNEP1 , DDX3X , TBR1 , and KDM6A. Additional signaling pathways that are break up in medulloblastoma admit Notch , MYC , TGF - β , and BMP .
Other report have divulge that over expression of different oncogenes like MYCC and ERBB2 are refer to the worse consequence of this disease . The huge gain of oncogene OTX2 is also thought to be link with medulloblastoma . Gene MYCC can also produce a more violent force on some of the anaplastic variation of medulloblastoma .
Risk Factors of Medulloblastoma
The probable risk divisor connect with this wellness condition include the following :
Complications of Medulloblastoma
The probable complications of Medulloblastoma let in the following :
The most serious one is spreading of neoplasm growth from the original locating to various part of the head and the spinal cord via cerebrospinal fluid . Once the tumor reach out to the spinal cord , the ramification that spring up like :
Diagnosis of Medulloblastoma
physician first do the strong-arm diagnosis after hearing the symptoms of the ailments . Then , for a correct diagnosing of medulloblastoma , one may demand the following tests to be done as betimes as potential :
Treatment for Medulloblastoma
The probable treatments for medulloblastoma include the pursuit :
Prevention of Medulloblastoma
As such , there are no preventive measures to get rid of medulloblastoma . However , it is urge to do a even screening of a child from the time of giving birth to maturity , so that if he suffers from medulloblastoma then it can be restricted to the first stagecoach of metastasis .
retrieval for medulloblastoma can sometimes show within a month or two just after the discussion is make out . It is essential to talk to an oncologist regarding genus Cancer - focused follow - up care or evolution of any survivorship tutelage plan . With the advancement of science and technology in the recent years , the understanding of medulloblastoma has increase importantly at the molecular level through well hereditary analysis . There are a numeral of on-going research in the field which might give much dear aspect of the causative factors .
