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Meconium is the name of the baby ’s first dirt , which is present as a thick liquid in the intestines of the babe before its birth(1 ) . Most of times , the babies poop it out after they are born . Fetal distraint can get the meconium to be passed before birth , in the mother ’s uterus where there is a risk of exposure of aspirating it and causing problems with external respiration and potentially lung contagion in the newborn(1 ) .
Meconium can be dark green to brownish or black in color . It is the fecal cloth that is produced in the gut of the foetus before it is born . After the parentage , the baby will perish the meconium stools for the initial couple of days .
So , any sort of stress to the baby before birth or during the nativity can result in pass on of the meconium stool while the babe is still in the uterus . This meconium gets mixed with the amniotic fluid which the foetus breathes in . So , the baby can aspirate the amniotic fluid and meconium mixture into their lung before , during , or immediately after the birth leave in what is know as meconium inspiration or meconium aspiration syndrome ( MAS)(1 , 2 ) .
Although meconium aspiration is not necessary fatal ; however , it can cause hearty health problem for the baby . If the meconium ambition syndrome is not cover or is wicked , then it can be life threatening(2 ) .
What are the Causes and Risk Factors for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Meconium aspiration is get by fetal stress , which in turn happens when the oxygen supplying to the fetus is keep down . Some of the common causes of stress to the unborn baby are :
The fetus starts to create meconium in their intestines only afterwards in the gestation . So , if the pregnancy protract beyond its due day of the month , the risk of the foetus to be exposed to meconium gets increased . As the gestation poke out to its due date and get past it , there is decrease in the amount ofamniotic fluid , which lead to increase in the denseness of the meconium , if the baby passes it . As a resultant role , meconium dream syndrome is more vulgar in postdated or overdue baby when compared to the terminus babies . Meconium aspiration is rarified in preterm babies .
What are the Symptoms of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
The most large symptom of meconium aspiration is respiratory distraint . The newborn baby can grunt during ventilation or breathe rapidly . In some case , the baby can stop breathing if the meconium immobilize their airways . Other symptoms which signal that the baby has meconium breathing in are : limpness , cyanosis and low pedigree pressure .
How is Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of meconium aspiration is made by the doctor by observing the symptom of the new-sprung and the bearing of meconium in the amniotic fluid . The doctor will listen to the baby ’s chest using a stethoscope to discover any abnormal ventilation sounds . Other ways to confirm the diagnosis of meconium aspiration syndrome are(3 ):
How is Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Treated?
In pillow slip of meconium aspiration , the newborn needs contiguous treatment for transfer the meconium from its upper airways so the child can breathe commonly . As before long as the baby is born , the doctor will suction the mouth , nose and throat instantly .
If the baby is n’t breathing or not responding , then thermionic vacuum tube can be placed in the trachea of the babe to extract the fluid that has meconium in it that is lodged in the windpipe(3 , 4 ) . The Doctor of the Church keep on to suction till all the meconium is dispatch .
If even after all this is done and the baby is still not respire or has a decrease heart charge per unit , then the Dr. will use a bag and block out to pitch atomic number 8 to the neonate , which will assist in inflating the lung so the baby can breathe .
If the infant can not breathe on its own or is sick , then a tube will be placed in trachea of the child to aid them respire .
After the child has received exigency treatment for meconium intake syndrome , then the newborn can be placed in a special care unit for further reflexion . Some extra intervention can be done to preclude the complications from meconium inspiration and these are(3 ):
What are the Complications of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
In many cases , meconium aspiration syndrome will not have any long - full term health complicatedness . However , MAS is a serious problem , which can have a profound and immediate effect on the health of the neonate . The meconium present in the lung can leave in contagion and kindling . The airways can also get blocked by the meconium leading to over enlargement of the lungs , which in play can make give way or rupturing of the lung . This will cause the airwave present within the lung to accumulate in the thorax cavity and surround the lung , which is known as pneumothorax and it cause difficulty in re - inflate the lungs .
Meconium aspiration syndrome also increases the peril of the babe developing PPHN or unyielding pulmonary hypertension of the newborn . Hypertension in the lung vessel can diminish the line flow cause problems with breathe in the babe . haunting pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant is a rare , but fatal condition .
Very rarely , acute meconium intake syndrome can curb the atomic number 8 supplying to the brainpower and lead in permanent mental capacity damage .
What is the Prognosis for Babies with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
The overall prognosis with straightaway and right handling for babe with MAS is good , as babe cause mild knottiness often recover well . Newborns who develop PPHN or psyche scathe because of meconium ambition syndrome can stomach from womb-to-tomb health job requiring aesculapian assistance .
How can Meconium Aspiration Syndrome be prevented?
The best way to prevent MAS is other catching , which can be achieved with even and careful fetal monitoring before birth to square off if the baby is experiencing any distraint . In guinea pig of foetal distraint , the doctor will take step to reduce the foetal distress during the birth procedure , which decreases the risk of produce meconium aspiration syndrome . If the baby is experiencing stress , then the doc will be prepared and take the necessary steps to evaluate and do by the baby immediately after birth if there are any signs of meconium intake syndrome .
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