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Understanding Knee Joint and its Structure
genu stick Comprises Of:-
How Are The Three Bones Positioned In Knee Joint?
Femur consist on the top of tibia forming a independent compartment of the knee juncture , and patella lies in front of the knee reefer .
Where Is Patella Located In Knee Joint?
The kneecap is a flavorless bone . Back ( posterior ) Earth’s surface of patella articulate with femur and forms an prior compartment of the knee joint . The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle adheres and covers prior surface of the genus Patella .
Where Are The Cartilaginous Menisci Situated In Knee Joint?
Two cartilaginous meniscus are work like “ nose candy ” lies on inner and outer side of upper flat surface of tibia . Fibrocartilaginous meniscus are crescentic in embodiment . Outer border is bulging and thick , while privileged border is concave and lean .
What Is The Function Of Cartilaginous Menisci?
The rubbery menisci are fastened to superior or upper surface of tibia and lies between tibia and femur . The Earth’s surface of the cartilaginous menisci is still and allows effortless movements of knee marijuana cigarette between tibia and femur . The outer thick component of the meniscus are well vascularized and cure completely following split . Inner portion of the meniscus are poorly vascularise and do not cure well , may at time terminate in necrosis . Menisci assist in smooth flexion and extension phone movement of human knee articulation . Menisci also acts as a shock absorber when knifelike insistency changes occur within articulatio genus joint .
Which Are The Knee Joint Ligaments?
Ligaments are divided as extra - capsular ligament and intraarticular ligament .
spare - Capsular ( outside ) Ligaments –
Intra - Articulate Ligaments –
What Are The Causes Of Knee Joint Pain?
6 Causes of knee joint joint pain are-
What is Bursitis?
Bursa is a sac of natural lubricator fluid shut in in a cyst that lies between bone and tendon or bone and muscles.2Bursa prevents injuries of the sinew or muscles leave from dour detrition of tendon or muscle over severe surface of bone . There are several bursas around knee articulation protecting several tendons from friction injuries . Inflammation of bursa is know as bursitis . Bursitis is observed follow human knee joint surgery or injuries . Bursitis is very painful condition . Most common bursitis resulting in life-threatening knee joint joint hurting is ” housemaid ’s knee ” and ” preacher ’s stifle . ” A ” Baker ’s cyst ” is a bursitis observed as a stamp swelling over the back of the knee joint .
What is Tendinitis?
Inflammation of tendons is get laid as Tendinitis . Tendinitis is see following trauma or wound to the tendon.3Tendons and ligament are occasionally damaged play along summercater wound , accidental combat injury , fall or surgical trauma . Tendinitis is very painful stipulation , mostly keep an eye on during joint movement , muscle muscular contraction or direct pressure on tendon . Tendinitis is triggered by innervation and firing of one or more tendons . wound tendon may mend with scar tissue and become tight band of fibrous tissue . In few cases non - wake tendon could be painful as in Illiotibial lot syndrome .
What Is Iliotibial Band Syndrome?
Iliotibial ligament is attached to pelvic os and outside of genu roast over tibia . Sports accidental injury of runners and inter-group communication sportswoman participants often induce soft injury of the Iliotibial tendon . Tendon injury heals with pocket-sized scarring of muscles and sinew . Tendon becomes very tight with scar tissue causing shortening of the tendon . The disease is very terrible and known as an iliotibial band syndrome . Pain is on the outside of human knee spliff unlike patellar tendinitis and Osgood Schlatter disease .
What Is Patellar Tendinitis?
Patellar tendinitis cause pain in front of the knee joint.4Patellar tendon is the distal ending of musculus quadriceps femoris musculus . Patellar tendon is attached to prior Earth’s surface kneecap and tibia . runner , skier , cyclists and participants of contact sports often suffer with inflammation of the patellar tendon . Inflammation is due to continuous contraction and friction between patella pearl and patellar tendon . pain in the neck often is mistaken for the patellar breakdown .
What is Osgood Schlatter Disease?
Tendon of the quadriceps muscle spread over genus Patella and attaches to anterior surface of kneepan and tibial bone below patella . Overuse of quad muscles causes irritation of the tendon below patella . Continuous vigorous use of riled tendon and musculus quadriceps femoris muscles causes pain in the neck over the tibial fastening and eventually results in inflammation of tendon . Symptoms are more common in vernal patient and examination betoken lump below knee joint . Disease is known as Osgood Schlatter disease . Patellar tendinitis and Osgood Schlatter disease may be misdiagnosed as Patella - Femoral Pain Syndrome .
What is Patella-Femoral Pain Syndrome?
Patella - femoral pain syndrome is also known as Patellar Chondromalacia . painfulness is more predominant over the top of the kneecap near femur bone . annoyance is make by rubbing between kneepan and femur ivory because of minor misalignment . Disease is seen in old patient role lowly to degenerative patellar disease . standardized pain is also observed in patellar breakdown .
What is Patellar Dislocation?
Patellar dislocation is either partial or consummate . Partial disruption is also known as patellar subluxation . arena over Knee Cap ( patella ) is highly irritating and swollen . Examination may or may not indicate displaced patella . Patellar displacement is seen in complete dislocation of patella . Displacement of patella is not see when patella is part subluxate . Dislocated kneepan or kneecap in most cases lies on out of doors of articulatio genus . Patellar dislocation often follows bout of knee joint ligaments . symptom of Patellar Dislocation are often same as symptoms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL ) or Posterior cruciate Ligament ( PCL ) injury .
What is Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury?
thighbone and tibia are fastened to each other by prior and ulterior cruciate ligament . Ligaments prevent subluxation and dislocation as well as hyperextension of genu joint . Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL ) injury is often seen in jock involved in contact summercater . Ligaments may be partially or completely torn following overstretched knee articulation in hyperextension . Ligament also tears follow direct high - speed impact of the leg above the knee joint . Condition is extremely awful . Complete tear may be associated with partial dislocated knee stick .
What is Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury?
The posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) is one of the four major ligaments that dwell within the genu junction . PCL is a tough ligament . PCL functions to prevent posterior subluxation of tibia over femur pearl . PCL also prevents sidelong duty period of patella . PCL injury is observed in young patients during tangency sports resulting in partial or stark tear of ligament . PCL tear is also observe in older patients suffer with degenerative knee diseases . Degenerative diseases stimulate decadence of meniscus , ligaments and bones result in laxity of knee joint quad . slump knee joint of older patients occasionally hyper - extends while walking on rough mismatched surface , and results in tear of PCL . PCL may follow subluxation of knee joint and genus Patella . PCL and ACL tear may be consociate with Meniscus tear .
What is Meniscus Tear?
Meniscus is a “ C ” form gristle that adheres to tibia and participates in knee joint activity all the meter . Meniscus tear is observed in all age . Tear is common among younger patient involved in vigorous training for jogging , cycling , skiing and physical contact mutation . Professional athletics and vigorous training result in speedy wear and split of human knee joint structure and cartilage of semilunar cartilage . Forceful knee joint natural process create speedy changes in shearing forces within knee articulatio , which may lead in meniscus tear . Meniscus bust is also vulgar among elderly population secondary to devolution of the gristle . Meniscus tear causes severe pain in the ass with joint bowel movement . Symptoms of meniscus bust are often same as at large eubstance syndrome .
What Is Loose Body Syndrome?
Loose consistency syndrome is very terrible condition . nuisance is maintain following any motion of knee joint . Loose organic structure may be a fragment of bone , cartilage or soft tissue . This is common in older patients suffer with degenerative knee disease . Very rarely a loose body could be a foreign eubstance such as sherd of bullets or metal accidentally introduced into knee joint . unaffixed consistency syndrome may be associated with degenerative knee joint joint arthritis .
What is Knee Joint Arthritis?
Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of knee joint . Most common arthritis cause knee joint hurting is rheumatoid arthritis , osteoarthritis , psoriatic arthritis , gout and pseudogout .
What is Septic Arthritis?
Septic arthritis is seen following knee joint contagion . Knee reefer is swollen , painful and scarlet . Septic arthritis is often seen after injury , surgery and septicemia . Patient often has pyrexia .
How Severe Is Pain Caused By Cancer Tumor Of Knee Joint?
Crab tumor spread in stifle marijuana cigarette could be benign or malignant . knee joint joint cancer or metastatic bone tumor is very rare . Knee marijuana cigarette contains off-white , gristle and tendons . Malignant cancer of bone ( Osteosarcoma ) , cartilage ( Chondrosarcoma ) or tendon ( Fibrosarcoma ) may go on within human knee joint even though it is very rare . Benign neoplasm like lipoma is mutual mostly localized over posterior compartment of knee joint . infliction get by spread of malignant malignant neoplastic disease is extremely austere than benignant genus Cancer like lipoma . Malignant Cancer the Crab spreads rapidly and causes knockout intractable pain .
How Can A Muscle Disease Cause Knee Joint Pain?
Spasm of muscularity around knee can stimulate severe pain and is often misdiagnosed as knee joint painfulness . fatigue duty muscles often induce painful sensation with inflection and reference of genu joint . Diseases such as fibromyalgia , myofascial disease and muscle tear touch on muscles nigh to human knee can imitate pain similar to knee joint painfulness .
What Are The Pinch Nerve Pains Of Knee Joint?
Structures of stifle joint have sensory boldness from obturator , femoral and tibial nerve . All or any one of the three nerves can be twitch along its course to knee from spinal cord . Nerves may be pinched secondary to magnetic disk herniation , bulge phonograph record , spinal anesthesia stenosis or foraminal stricture within spinal epithelial duct . Nerve could be pinched outside spinal canal along its course to knee joint by hematoma , abscess or tumor . painfulness may be wide unfold along the course of action of the nerve or localise reckon on where the nerve is pinched . painful sensation is excruciating and continuous .
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