Types Of Mitral Valve Disease
There are 3 types of mitral valve disease : mitral stenosis ( MS ) , mitral emesis ( MR ) and mitral valve prolapse ( MVP ) . Mitral stricture and mitral regurgitation occur most commonly due to rheumatic valvular heart disease , whereas MVP has a familial relative incidence . All three mitral diseases give rise to shortness of breath as a symptom . Mitral stenosis causes abdominal and leg swelling due to proper heart nonstarter . Mitral regurgitation do gruffness of breathing spell on exertion and at rest due to left heart failure and eventually cause congestive cardiac bankruptcy . The commonest symptoms in mitral valve prolapse are atypical pectus pain under the titty or on the left-hand side of the sternum .
There are mainly three type of mitral valve disease
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis ( MS ) is the narrowing of the mitral valve lumen . This head less blood flow from the left atrium to depart ventricle . There are many causes for mitral stenosis such as :
In an healthy individual the mitral valve orifice is about 5cm2 , when the valve porta is reduced to 2cm2 its moderately stenosed , 1cm2 it ’s severely stenosed . With the mitral stricture the leftover atrial pressure level increases and cause go out atrial dilatation and hypertrophy . This increase the pulmonary vessels pressure and cause pulmonary hydrops pulmonary high blood pressure . That make right heart failure ( RHF ) .
Initially there wo n’t be any symptoms , with the development of pneumonic venous hypertension and recurrent bronchitis shortness of breath and a productive cough with blood tinge occur . With the development of RHF lower tree branch and abdominal excrescence occur .
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral vomit ( MR ) is the leakage for rip through the mitral valve to the unexpended atrium . There are many causes for MR such as :
Mitral vomit make some amount if stock to cast back to the left-hand atrium . This flesh out the left atrium due to increase intensity . With metre it increase the pressure in the left atrium then in the pulmonary venous blood vessel which conduct to pneumonic oedema and pulmonary high blood pressure . Since a dimension of blood is regurgitated the cardiac output reduces in each cycle which leads to left heart ventricle enlargement to increase the cardiac yield .
The symptoms occur very belatedly in the disease , any patients appease without any symptoms with mitral disgorgement . With the development of pulmonary oedema , pulmonary hypertension and left hear failure brusqueness of breathing space occur on exertion and on eternal sleep . tiredness and lethargy pass off due to reduced cardiac output . quivering can also be felt . At the late stage correct heart failure also develops which return rise to abdominal and ramification swelling . With time congestive heart failure ( remaining and right heart failure ) occurs .
Mitral Valve Prolapse
This is also known as Barlow ’s syndrome or floppy mitral valve . This can be due to flesh out mitral valve leaflets , an enlarged mitral valve annulus or dysfunction of the papillose brawn contraction . Commonly see in new female person with a family history and known to have a familial incidence .
The accurate causal agency of mitral valve prolapse ( MVP ) is unknown but it is consort with Marfan ’s syndrome , thyrotoxicosis , atrial septate blemish , rheumatic fondness disease and ischaemic pith disease . During the ventricular contraction one of the mitral valve pamphlet prolapse into the left-hand atrium . This make abnormal ventricular condensation and mitral valve regurgitation .
Atypicalchest painis the commonest symptom ; the pain is either just below the breast or on the left side of the sternum , its stabbing , pine pain . Palpitations can be felt due to abnormal ventricular condensation .
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