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What is Psychodermatology?
Psychodermatology is a new discipline in psychosomatic medical specialty . It is the discourse of skin disorder using psychological and psychiatric techniques . Psychodermatology is the fundamental interaction between the mind and peel .
At the embryonal level , these two disciplines , i.e. the mind and skin are interconnected through the ectoderm . A complex interplay stay between the skin and the neuroendocrine andimmune arrangement . Our skin respond to both exogenic and endogenic stimuli ; it senses and integrate environmental cue and send intrinsic weather to the exterior world .
Although the exact prevalence of psychological factor regard pelt disease is unknown , it is estimated to be 25 % to 33 % in several studies.(1)Research display that stimuli received in the skin can tempt the endocrine , immune , and nervous systems at the local as well as central levels .
Approximately 30 % to 40 % of patient role seeking treatments for skin disorders are found to have an underlying psychiatric or psychological payoff that either make or exacerbate a pelt complaint.(1)Research hint that tenseness and various psychological events impact tegument health and cause several skin disorders.(2 ) ( 3 )
Classification of Psychodermatological Disorders
Psychodermatological disorders can be classified into four primary categories : psychophysiological disorders , primary psychiatric disorder , secondary psychiatric disorder , and cutaneal sensory upset .
Psychophysiological Disorders
The terminus “ psychophysiological disorder ” refers to true dermatologic diseases likepsoriasis , acne , atopic dermatitis , eczema , andhyperhidrosisthat are exacerbate by emotional stressor .
Primary Psychiatric Disorder
These disorders do not have realskin disease , but , rather , have knockout mental disease . Delusions of parasitosis , trichotillomania , and dermatitis artefacta are some of the classic examples of master psychiatric disorders . Patients with master psychiatric disorders often present after bring down multiple doc and have peculiar untypical cutis lesions , beliefs , account , and samples for test . So , basically , these are the disorders in which psychologic is the primary trouble , while the peel manifestations are self - induce .
Secondary Psychiatric Disorder
Secondary psychiatrical disorders affect hoi polloi with meaning psychological job that harm their self - esteem or body image . Vitiligo , alopecia areata , acne , psoriasis , andhidradenitis suppurativaare all dermatological conditions that can bear on a soul ’s emotional health and well - being . Many patient role evolve psychological distress because of the rigour of their diseases .
Cutaneous Sensory Disorder
dermal sensory disorders are link up tochronic nuisance syndrome . Many times these disorders might be present with or without psychiatric disruption , however , anxiety and slump are the most common comorbid conditions . These disorders are unpleasant sensations of stick , biting , burn , and itch without any clear etiology .
Pathophysiology of Psychodermatological Disorders
Skin , head , and immune organization are somehow associate anatomically , ontogenically , and physiologically . The skin andnervous systemoriginate from the same germinal layer and neuroectoderm , which direct to a dense meshwork of free nerve ending in the hide , and this association is the fundament for psychoneuroendocrinoimmunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of dermatoses .
Goals of Psychodermatology
Management in Psychodermatology
Comprehensive management of psychodermatologic disorders should be an empathetic approach toward the patient and a team approach with dermatologist , psychiatrists , therapists , and social divine service .
Reducing physical distress , and sleep hoo-hah , and improving symptoms of psychiatrical disorders are the chief end of psychodermatology .
For dermatosis that are have or exasperate by psychological stress , and/or psychopathology as the primary elements , management of the condition should always begin with psychoeducation about the role of psychological aspects in dermatoses , which aids the patient in better coping with naturalistic goals.(4)Based on the syndromal diagnosing ofdepression , anxiety , obsessive - compulsive disorderliness , orpsychosis , a comprehensive plan for the discourse should be prepared by a squad of specialist .
Apart from the medicinal drug to do by various psychologic and dermatologic disorder , several nonpharmacological treatments can also be used . CBT , hypnosis , supportive psychotherapy , biofeedback , relaxation behavior proficiency , stress management , and guided imagery are some of the nonpharmacological treatments .
Conclusion
Psychodermatology is the treatment of peel disorders using psychological and psychiatric techniques . understand the connection between genial wellness and hide conditions can be helpful in organise a more effective treatment plan , addressing both physical and psychological aspects of an individual ’s health and well - being .
References
