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What is Pheochromocytoma?
Pheochromocytoma is an extremely uncommon pathologic condition of the adrenal glands where there is development of benign tumor on the cells present in the center of the secretory organ induce symptom . The adrenal secretor are place at the top of each kidney and are creditworthy for producing hormones which supply instructions to all the electronic organ and tissues of the organic structure .
Pheochromocytoma , is a condition in which because of the benign tumors , start produce internal secretion which result in elevation of parentage pressure persistently and if this condition remains untreated it may get severe scathe to other vital electric organ of the consistence .
Pheochromocytoma can develop at any years but is mostly seen in individuals between the age range of 20 - 50 . Once Pheochromocytoma is diagnose , the best way to care for it is to remove the benignant tumors surgically . Once the neoplasm are removed in majority of the cases the blood imperativeness repay back to normal .
What are the Causes of Pheochromocytoma?
There is no decipherable cut reason as to what make exploitation of Pheochromocytoma . Pheochromocytoma usually develops in the specialized cells of the adrenal gland foretell the chromaffin cadre . These cadre are locate correctly in the center of the adrenal secreter and are creditworthy for secreting hormones mainly adrenaline . The endocrine adrenaline comes to play when an individual is under stress and calms the body down . This hormone ensue in an individual having high stemma pressure readings and a riotous heart pace . Pheochromocytoma causes unpredictable and excessive release of adrenaline .
What are the Risk Factors for Pheochromocytoma?
There are sure rare congenital conditions that put an mortal at danger for developing Pheochromocytoma . These aesculapian conditions are :
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia – Type II : This is a disorder in which there is developing of tumour in the ductless gland system of the body including the thyroid gland , parathyroid , lip , tongue and the gastrointestinal parcel .
Von Hippel - Lindau Disease : This disease can result in development of neoplasm in the primal flighty organisation , endocrine system , pancreas , and kidneys .
Neurofibromatosis-1 : This stipulation result in growth of tumour in the hide and the optic spunk .
What are the Symptoms of Pheochromocytoma?
Some of the symptoms of Pheochromocytoma are :
Some of the less vernacular symptoms of Pheochromocytoma are :
The individual suffer from symptom of Pheochromocytoma will experience symptoms in occasional flare-up which will last from 15 - 20 minutes . There may be multiple spell during a 24 time of day period . In between the episodes the blood pressure of the person may or may not return back to normal .
How is Pheochromocytoma Diagnosed?
If Pheochromocytoma is suspected , then the medico will order a serial publication of trial to reassert the diagnosis . These trial are :
lab Tests : This will include checking the levels of epinephrin in the body :
uranalysis : A urinalysis will also be perform to check for any signs repoint towards a Pheochromocytoma .
Blood Test : A CBC will also be done to dominate out infection as a cause for the symptoms .
Radiological Studies : The doctor will also order radiological studies in the variety of CT or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis part if Pheochromocytoma is suspected on lab run . The CT scan or the MRI will clearly show front of tumour in the adrenal secreter . A biopsy of the tumour may also be done to check whether the tumor is benignant or malignant .
These above trial run nearly confirm the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma .
What is the Treatment for Pheochromocytoma?
As stated above , the best potential treatment for Pheochromocytoma is removal of the tumor surgically . Before the patient undergoes operating theater for Pheochromocytoma , the patient ’s blood pressure is brought under mastery with the help of medication so as to lower the risk of exposure of any intraoperative or perioperative complicatedness .
For fetch the blood press back to normal , fundamentally two forms of medications will be used . The first course of study of medications is the Alpha blocking agent . These medications prevent stimulation of the muscles in the walls of the arteries thus keeping them capable so that blood can flow through them easy and thus normalizing the blood pressure . Some of the medications of this course are : Cardura , Minipress , and Hytrin .
The second course of study of medications that may be used to contribute down the line pressure sensation back to normal levels are Beta Blockers which cause the heart to beat slowly and also keep the vessels and arteries open so that blood can flow through them well and temper the blood line pressure level . Some of the example of this class of medications are : Atenolol , metoprolol , and propranolol . These medications may be give for a period of a workweek to 10 days . Once the blood air pressure has temper then the affected role is prepared fur surgery to polish off the tumors and deal Pheochromocytoma .
For treat Pheochromocytoma , the surgery may involve remotion of the part of the adrenal secretor control the Pheochromocytoma in most of the cases . The remaining part of the adrenal secretory organ carries out it run ordinarily . This is usually done laparoscopically and is a minimally invasive subprogram . After successful pass completion of the surgery and remotion of the Pheochromocytoma the blood pressure in absolute majority of the cases reelect back to normal . In some guinea pig where the adrenal secretory organ has already been removed and there is still bearing of a tumor then in such cases only the tumour will be bump off in its entireness .
Malignant tumors is highly rare in Pheochromocytoma but if present then stock operation that are followed for cancer treatment needs to be followed to include surgical removal of the tumor followed by chemo and radiation therapy for treatment of malignant tumors from Pheochromocytoma .
What is the Prognosis of Pheochromocytoma?
The prognosis of Pheochromocytoma is excellent afford that there are no intraoperative or perioperative complications due to high blood pressure . add up to the recurrence pace , there are about 10 % prospect that even after a successful surgery there may be a recurrence of Pheochromocytoma .
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