Is Reye’s Syndrome Deadly?
Reye ’s is life - threatening syndrome and extremely mortal . Yes , Reye ’s is life - threatening syndrome and extremely deadly one . Though it is a rarified disorderliness , if it leave without timely treatment at the initial stages it may explicate to severe illness , sometimes leads to death in fry and adolescents . As this syndrome is biphasic , first phase transmission is not at all fatal . Nonetheless , secondary form involve serious of consequences such as liver stultification and brain disfunction . If these symptoms not decoct on time it can progress to permanent impairment resulting seizure , coma , and death . During the 70 to 90s , the mortality rate was higher i.e. , more than 42 % worldwide .
Pathophysiology of Reye’s
The cause of the Reye ’s is still unknown and unclear . The pathophysiology of the disease get going with mitochondrial harm and disrupts the Krebs cycle per second ( fatty acid β - oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation ) in the human body . As a result , the gamy concentration of ammonia found in the liver induces brain inflammation i.e. , most pernicious encephalopathy condition . The pathophysiology of the Reye ’s was like to aspirin perniciousness ( Salicylate drugs ) . However , no solid report was present on Reye ’s syndrome link to Empirin intake . A lot of public debate still proceed by the expert touch on to cause of the disease .
Infectious Agent in Reye’s Syndrome and Reye-like Syndrome
A figure of infective agents have been associated with Reye ’s syndrome and Reye - similar syndrome . Initial onset of fever cause by several computer virus likeinfluenza , chickenpox , parainfluenza , measles , adenoviruses , coxsackieviruses , cytomegalovirus , Epstein – Barr virus , HIV , hepatitis A and B , and rotavirus . Some bacterial agents involved in the cause of disease like Mycoplasma , Chlamydia , Shigella , andSalmonella .
Immune Response to Infectious Agent
infective viral agent cause an adverse effect on kupffer cells and conquer the phagocytic chemical mechanism . In patient role blood serum and CSF , endotoxin component is reported which cause the release of tumor necrosis gene ( TNF ) . This factor in the human body cause severe inflammation and lead to several resistant system diseases .
Five Stages of Reye’s
Reye syndrome can be described in five level .
Stage 1 : It is the initial phase angle loosely starts with rash andheadacheswith no increase in temperature ( Fever ) . Tiredness , puking , confusion , andhallucinationare some of the symptom observed from mild to moderate level .
point 2 : Overactive and irrational demeanor , hyperventilation , fatty liver , and stuporous state are witnessed in the patient role .
leg 3 : It has the indications of phase 1 and 2 . The neurological symptom rapidly build and cause comatoseness , cerebral edema , and respiratory malady likeshortness of external respiration .
Stage 4 : The condition becomes bad and patient show minimal reception to light ( dilated pupils ) . Major liver dysfunction and stage IV comatoseness are seen in affected role .
phase 5 : Multiple organ failure ( particularly liver ) , capture , degree V coma , hyperammonemia , paralysis , and death occur . The disease causes caseation i.e. all the biologic routine resulting in concluding combat injury .
Stages 1 to 3 are considered as mild to moderate disease and stage 4 and 5 is the most life - threaten illness stages of Reye ’s syndrome . In some case , after recovery from Reye ’s , sure long - last symptoms identify in patient role such as hearing job , pitiable vision , memory and swallowing difficulties .
No Suitable Therapy for Reye’s
There is no appropriate handling for Reye ’s and medico regale the patient with respect to their symptom and laboratory issue . Hence , there is a lot of risk and death report compositor’s case associated with Reye ’s syndrome . Early treatment to reduce the symptom is crucial . low-toned glucose degree and unnatural intracranial pressure are the most diagnosed symptoms in Reye ’s . Administration of 10 % glucose result every 24 60 minutes and sustaining the intracranial pressure sensation is a necessary treatment for Reye ’s affected role .
Cerebral edema is manage by fluid limitation , diuresis , and corticosteroids . Pentobarbital prescribed to patients to reduce the brain metabolic stresses . Adequate oxygen or O2 supply is call for for controlling pressure level by agency of intubation could salve the patient role from death . the Antiepilepsy drug for gaining control and treatment for removal of the aggregation of ammonia are necessary to block up the progress of the syndrome to more severe form .
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