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listeria meningitis , a disease cause by Listeria monocytogenes , is fundamentally a disease transmitted by food for thought , notifiable , that can be difficult to name .
The listeria species are widely spread in the environment , isolate itself from the grease , putrefacient plant material , effluent , animate being feed , fresh and fixed crybaby , overbold and process nutrient , cheese , crude Milk River , slaughterhouse waste , as well as in the human digestive tract and symptomless animate being . That is why it has many chance to contaminate solid food in dissimilar footfall of product , this being the most frequent route by which the human being get colonization or infection . In fact , it is part of the faecal plant life of many mammals , it is estimated that between 1 % and 10 % of humans are enteric immune carrier of L. monocytogenes .
How Do You Know If You Have Listeria?
To reach the diagnosis of listeria , there must be a in high spirits hunch by the doctor . To be able to make a classic diagnosis , it is necessary to identify the causative microorganism in a sample that usually must be sterile , as in any other infectious disease . The sample to be collect depends on the clinical presentation .
Listeriosis triggered by listeria can occur sporadically or in outbreaks . The transmission causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from febrile stomach flu to encroaching disease , which includes bacteremia , sepsis , meningitis , and meningoencephalitis , mainly in patients with peril component for L. monocytogenes .
Listeria is a bacterium that mainly affects susceptible guests , such as the elderly , newborns , immunosuppressed and fraught charwoman ; although it affects citizenry without vindicated risk factor .
The incidence of listeria meningitis which is because of listeria is not in high spirits , but is increasing in recent years , mainly because of the increase in the old universe or with predisposing factors . Other less frequent clinical presentations , but also line areendocarditis , lymphadenitis , cellulitis , pneumonia , osteomyelitis , arthritis , pinkeye , and mycoticaneurysm .
Listeriosis because of listeria has a eminent fatality rate despite the adequate and precocious handling , and this is related to a complex diagnosis due to multiple aspect .
First , L. monocytogenes can contaminate a wide variety of intellectual nourishment . Secondly , the brooding period is varying and extend ( 1 to 70 days ) , being capable to be even higher in meaning charwoman than in example with key uneasy system of rules ( CNS ) allegiance .
In the presentations with gastroenteritis , the brooding can be less than 6 hr and up to 10 days . In fact , it is propose to consider a 14 - day picture window for the diagnosing of instance of central nervous system and bacteriaemia and 6 hebdomad in associated cases with pregnancy . Third , many product can retain bacteria for several days or weeks and , therefore , can be consumed by the patient on multiple occasions .
L. monocytogenes has differentiated into more than 10 serotypes ; being some of them involve in most reported casing of human listeriosis , and some of them more mired in irruption , they can even be considered epidemic clone .
Diagnosis of Listeria
The diagnosis of listeriosis triggered by listeria is hard . The main thing for doctors is ingest the suspicion of this causal agent . The history and the strong-arm examination as well as taking into account the most susceptible population are fundamental as well as take the necessary clinical samples , chiefly blood cultures . Bacteremia can be separate as primary or secondary ; therefore , it is also important to collect other sample as a cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) , peritoneal fluid , placenta , and others according to the clinical manifestations . In addition to the legion factor , the specific morbific factors also seem to be important in the crusade of the disease , and for this ground , it is the different clinical presentations .
It is noteworthy that in meningitis due to L. monocytogenes , unlike other bacterial meningitis , it is frequent to give with a decipherable or slightly opalescent CSF , with less than 1000 cells / mm3 and with a important , sometimes overriding , portion of lymphocytes .
The recognition of L. monocytogenes is carried out using received microbiological technique . The bacterium grow in 24 to 48 hours , forming small rounded colony and present β - hemolysis on blood agar-agar .
serologic exam can be useful , peculiarly in the study of carrier patient role and in the work of outbreaks .
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