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Let us Understand What is a Disc?
There are 33 vertebrae and 23 discs in spinal column . Disc is situated between upper and gloomy vertebrae in neck opening , pectus and lumbar spine .
Disc has interior soft nucleus pulposus ellipse in flesh and outer ring fibrosus . Nucleus pulposus is gentle and prevarication in the centre of attention of the saucer and is protect by annular layers of anchor ring fibrosis . There are no disk in sacrum andcoccyx . Normal disk is made up of proteoglycan , collagen and water .
What is the Function of the Disc?
Body free weight is transmit through intervertebral disc . disk functions as a close hydraulic organization to soak up the jar of sudden movement and torsion . Central nucleus pulposus is the indulgent gelatin like meaning which function as hydraulic scheme to engulf the pressure and volume changes . pressure level and volume change may occur often during movements and torques . Thus disc is often identify as daze absorber .
What are the Disc Diseases?
There are several disc disease cause symptom like pain . Disc disease includesbulge disc , platter hernia ( severance disc ) , disc requisition , record fragments , degenerative disc disease , foraminal stenosisandspinal stricture .
What is Disc Herniation?
Nucleus pulposus ab initio pouch into annulus fibrosus and pushes annulus fibrosus outward as a bulge called bulge disc . uninterrupted increased atmospheric pressure within nucleus pulposus results into tear of doughnut fibrosus . Nucleus pulposus now penetrate or pierces through the proscribed layer of annulus fibrosus . Protrusion or hernia through annulus fibrosus beyond outside boundary results in herniated platter . Disc may herniate after spinal nuclear fusion operating theater causing revision of same symptoms which was surgically treated .
Is Disc Protrusion and Ruptured Disc Same as Disc Herniation?
Yes , there are several terminologies used to report disk herniation . Disc extrusion is the full term used to report bulge disc and herniated disk . disk swelling into intact annulus fibrosus make bulge disc and disc gibbosity through ruptured annulus fibrosus is know as disc hernia . Bulge magnetic disk and herniated disc are more specific terms used to describe disk pathology . likewise snap magnetic disk is also an alternative term used to delineate herniated disc .
What are the Symptoms of Disc Herniation?
Dermatomal distribution of the symptoms count on level of disc need in vertebral column . hernia of disc in cervix cause symptom in neck and upper extremities . hernia at the thoracic level have symptom in chest wall , and lumbar magnetic disc hernia make symptom in lower back and lower extremities . Abnormal sensory or motor nervus symptoms are spread through one or several nerve depend on internet site of tinge nerve either within foramina or spinal canal .
What is Pinch Nerve?
Pinch mettle is the term used to define pressure on heart either at foramina causing foraminal stenosis or spinal canal causing spinal stricture . Foraminal pinch nerve affect symptom along single face on right or impart side or bilaterally symmetric . Large herniated disc within spinal duct can pinch several nerves make cauda equina syndrome .
What are the Symptoms of Foraminal Stenosis?
Single spinal nerve comes out of spinal canal through a bony burrow called foramina on right or left side . extrusion of herniateddiscinto spinal canal cause conclusion of the tunnel or narrowing of the burrow , which is also known as stricture . Spinal spunk is compressed between herniated disc and surrounding ivory . Initial symptom observed is pain sensation as outer cheek fiber pinch or compress are pain fibre . subsequently prickle and numbness become predominant sensory symptoms with hurting as sensory fibers are compress by narrowing of foramina . If the foramen is compress because of huge herniation then motor fibers get compressed and motor symptom are observed . Motor symptom are helplessness ; difficultness to ambulate , and joint inborn reflex are missing .
What are the Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis?
spinal anesthesia stricture is due to herniation of the disc into spinal canal . Herniated disc occupies the space and narrowing of spinal channel reckon on amount of disc herniation . Spinal stenosis get cauda equina syndrome .
What is Cauda Equina Syndrome?
Spinal brass of lumbar level 2 to 5 and sacral 1 to 5 are practice bundling into radical of spinal nerve called cauda equina . Multiple nerves of cauda equina lies below level 2d lumbar vertebra . Any pressure over cauda equina between lumbar acantha 2 to 5 cause pressure on several nerves of low extremities . Bilateral symptom such as galvanic shock like hurting , burn blast nuisance , tingling , apathy and muscle weakness of low back and legs are often take note in cauda equina syndrome . Cauda equina syndrome also stimulate bladder and bowel problems .
What is Electric Shock like Pain?
Electric shock like unpleasant symptoms are seen over upper and lower extremities following pinch cheek at foramina or spinal channel .
What are the Bowel and Bladder Problems?
Urine and stool incontinence is the house of severe pressure on abject spinal cheek in spinal duct and this condition is an pinch to prevent permanent nerve damage . Symptoms suggest serious compression of autonomic nerves , which lie within cauda equina .
What are the Most Useful Investigations to Diagnose Disc Herniation?
MRI or CAT scan study is utilitarian in diagnosing of magnetic disc herniation . Nerve harm or injury can be judge with nerve conduction subject area or myelogram study .
What are the Different Choices of Treatment?
intervention choices are as follows :
Non - surgical treatment :
Surgical discussion :
Which are the Different Medications Used for Treatment of Symptoms Caused by Disc Herniation?
References :
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