Enteric fever is the medical condition for eccentric of fever which is popularly know as typhoid fever by the layman . It is a communicable disease triggered by consumption of food for thought or H2O contaminated by a character of bacterium .
What is Enteric Fever?
Enteric fever is because of group of bacteria called as Salmonella tyhpi ; a lesser severe version of intestinal feverishness is because of Salmonella paratyphi . Enteric pyrexia , if leave untreated or if the condition does not invite the right intervention , it can lead to serious complication including death . In the past tense , typhoid fever was considered as a venomous disease ; however , with melioration in aesculapian field and increase emphasis on sanitization and hygienics , the relative incidence and severity of this condition is much under controller at present tense . Studies have shown that , intestinal fever affect about 21 million masses every year , with around 200,000 cases of death from the disease .
Signs and Symptoms of Enteric Fever
enteral febrility may not elicit symptoms right away after the person is infect . There may be an brooding full stop of 1 – 2 weeks . The disease may last for a duration of 3 – 4 weeks . Enteric fever may be associated with symptoms such as :
Other symptom of Enteric fever may include pectus congestion and abdominal pain . pyrexia is almost always constant in nature . Most of the cases show melioration in symptoms by third or fourth week , if there are no other knottiness . A small number of cases ( 10 % ) of Enteric feverishness may show signs of recurrent symptoms after recovery .
Typhoid progresses when the causative bacterium enter the bloodstream after ingestion of polluted body of water or food . It is then carried by the white bloodline cell in to the spleen , liver and bone marrow . It then multiplies further and re - enter the blood stream . At this point , the stirred individual develop feverishness . The causative bacteria then infest the biliary system of rules , gall bladderand the lymphatic tissue of the bowel where they multiply further , which pass into the intestinal tract and can be observe in the patient ’s stool sample .
Causes of Enteric Fever
enteral fever or thyroid fever is primarily make by eating or fuddle food or water contaminated by Salmonella bacteria . masses infected with Enteric fever can further have the spread of disease by contamination of water through their stool . polluted weewee can further cause contaminant of food . The volume of contamination is bad as these bacteria can survive for workweek in water or even in dried sewage permissive waste .
In few instance of Enteric febricity ( about 3 – 5 % ) , the unnatural individual may behave as a carrier after being taint once . In some cases , people may be gently affected and the condition endure unnoticed . These individuals usually become foresightful terminus carrier and thus become the source of new out - break of disease . Children are at a high risk of formulate Enteric fever or enteric fever fever than adults . The chances of developing Enteric fever or typhoid increases in the postdate situation :
Diagnosis and Treatment of Enteric Fever
diagnosing of Enteric fever or typhoid pyrexia is done by an experient physician . It involves incur a elaborated eccentric history keep up by forcible interrogation of the mortal . Lab body of work includes blood tests , stool tests and urine tests . Treatment of Enteric pyrexia or typhoid fever is done with antibiotics , which help in killing the bacteria . Before the use of antibiotic for treatment of typhoid fever , the fatality of this precondition was as in high spirits as 20 % . Death is usually caused due to intestinal hemorrhage , intestinal perforation orpneumoniafrom bacterial action . With advance in medicinal drug , the death rate rate of enteric fever has reduced to 1 – 2 % with antibiotics and supportive care .
Improvement is noted in about 1 to 2 days and staring recovery is remark within 7 to 10 day .
In the past , chloramphenicol was the choice of antibiotics to treat Enteric fever ; however , over the years , the use of this drug has been come down due to the side effects associated with it . At present , the option of drug for treating Enteric feverishness depends on the causative agent . For citizenry locomote to areas prostrate to typhoid fever , it is recommend to take vaccination before visiting the area .
Conclusion
Enteric febricity ( also get laid as typhoid fever ) is caused due to ingestion of food or urine contaminated with a bacterium call as salmonella typhi . The symptoms are often notice after a period of incubation ( 1 to 2 week ) for about 3 – 4 weeks . Diagnosis often involves general examination followed by specific test such as blood work , stool examination and pee analytic thinking . Enteric fever is a contractable disease and unfold from infected patients to the community if preventative measure are not taken or if hygienical standard are not followed . In sheath of travel plan to endemic areas of enteric fever , a inoculation is extremely recommend .
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