There are three mitral valve disease , let us see what the complications of each mitral valve disease are .
Complications Of Mitral Stenosis
Atrial Fibrillation . Atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is the most common complication of mitral stenosis ( MS ) . It is approximate that 40 % of patients with mitral stenosis get atrial fibrillation . It develops due to the enlargement of the odd atrium and increase in the left-hand atrial pressure . When this happens the electrophysiology of the atrium get disrupt with the stretching of the atrial musculus . Initially the atrial fibrillation go on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( which occurs as spasm , at times ) , with time atrial fibrillation becomes permanent but it responses to antiarrhythmic drug . If mitral stricture is not treated then after sometime atrial fibrillation becomes treatment tolerant due to the magnified left atrium . After this stage even with mitral valve surrogate atrial fibrillation might not respond to anti arrhythmical drugs . Most of the time it is the symptoms of atrial fibrillation like palpitations or other devastating symptom that actually diagnose the mitral stricture . If it was a known case of mitral stricture with minimum symptoms the atrial fibrillation get more disability and complication . Therefore , it is important you follow up with your Dr. on a regular basis to identify atrial fibrillation at an initial microscope stage so , that discussion can be carry out .
Systemic Embolism(Thromboembolism ) . Systemic intercalation happen because of atrial fibrillation . With atrial fibrillation there is thrombus establishment in the left atrium and these get detach , travel through the blood and block the artery in other organs . This is call intercalation and it cut downs the blood provision to that part of the blood . Systemic intercalation commonly happen in the cerebral artery which go to a stroke or other neurologic sequalae . It is said that 9 - 14 % of patients with mitral stenosis develop systemic embolism . The development of stroke leads to the diagnosing of mitral stricture , most of the affected role who are asymptomatic with mitral stenosis develop neurological problems on the spur of the moment which can be annihilating . Mitral valve replacing does not dilute the risk of systemic intercalation completely .
Infective Endocarditis . This is uncommon in patients with pure mitral stenosis , but it can occur if you also have aortal stenosis or mitral vomiting .
Pulmonary Hypertension . This is a tortuousness that fall out with fourth dimension when mitral stenosis is not cover . This can lead to heart failure .
Pulmonary Infarctions . This is another case of systemic intercalation where the emboli dislodge in the pneumonic arterial blood vessel , however , this is much rare than the intellectual intercalation .
Recurrent Chest Infections . Due to the pulmonary hypertension and pulmonic oedema there is doldrums of mucus in the lung which can be a estimable place for the organism to grow .
Rightheart failureis also a complication of mitral stenosis .
Complications Of Mitral Regurgitation
Pulmonary edema is a complication of mitral vomit .
Congestive Heart Failure . Initially left heart failure occurs and with time right heart also fails which direct to congestive bosom failure .
Irreversible Left Ventricular ( LV ) Systolic Dysfunction . Since , some amount of blood is regurgitated the cardiac output reduce , the left ventricle declaration more to maintain a normal cardiac output which leads to leave ventricular systolic dysfunction .
Thromboembolism Resulting From Atrial Fibrillation . Atrial fibrillation is not commonly seen in mitral regurgitation ( MR ) as seen in mitral stenosis , however it can pass off when the atrium is enlarged and even give advance to systemic intercalation .
Complications Of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Conclusion
Complications of mitral stenosis are atrial fibrillation which is the most common one and pass in about 40 % of mitral stricture patients . Next is systemic intercalation which occurs due to atrial fibrillation . Other complicatedness of mitral stenosis are pulmonary hypertension , pneumonic infarct , infective endocarditis and perennial breast infection . Complications of mitral disgorgement are pulmonary edema , congestive cardiac failure , irreversible leave ventricular ( LV ) systolic dysfunction , and thromboembolism resulting from atrial fibrillation . Complications of mitral valve prolapse are mitral regurgitation , pump failure , infectious endocarditis , and atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism .
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