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Amnesia in simple terminal figure is memory loss and has many type with various causes(1 ) . There are some types of amnesia which are temporary and some that can be permanent .
individual suffering from amnesia have problems in forming unexampled memories ; whereas some have difficultness in recalling retiring experiences , incidents or facts . Individuals suffering from amnesia often retain knowledge of who they are along with their motor science .
Having some memory loss is a normal part of the get on process(2 ) . However , if there is significant release of retentivity or loss of ability to form raw memories , then it can indicate that there is some form of amnestic disorder .
What are the Causes of Amnesia?
There are different causes of amnesia and comprise of(1 ):
Dementia : The website where the memory is stored in the mind depends on the age of the memory . When a person start to drop off very old memory , it can be an indication of extensive deterioration of the brain and this can be due to any form of dementia include Alzheimer ’s disease . hoi polloi suffer from dementia tend to lose the latest retentiveness first and often retain older memories for longer period of time .
Anoxia : When there is step-down in the atomic number 8 levels to thebrain , then it effects the total functioning of the brain and can make loss of memory . This condition is known as anoxia . If the anoxia is meek , then the memory loss may be temporary .
Damage to the Hippocampus : The orbit of the brain and limbic organisation , which is responsible for memory , ishippocampus . The subroutine of the genus Hippocampus is memory shaping , organization of store and call back and recalling them when needed . The hippocampus cell are the brain ’s most flimsy and energy - hungry cells and get easily disrupted or destroyed by anoxia and other danger like toxins . When there is damage to the hippocampus then the person will have difficulty in forming new store . If the damage occurs in both one-half of the Einstein , then the patient will suffer from complete anterograde amnesia .
Head Injuries : Traumatic injuries to the head , such as tumors , chance event infections can also do learning ability damage , which can include lasting memory issues . Concussions be given to disrupt the memories of the hours , days or hebdomad just before and after the injury has occurred .
tenseness or Trauma : Acute tenseness or trauma can lead to dissociative amnesia where the mind can reject flavour , thinking or information which the patient feels ill equipped to handle . Dissociative fugue is a specific type of dissociative amnesia , which can make unexpected wandering and can also cause amnesia wall the circumstances of traveling and blank out other details of liveliness .
intoxicant Use : The use of alcohol for even a picayune sentence can cause brownout and this is a form of anterograde amnesia , which is temporary . longsighted - terminal figure alcohol use upset can cause a mentality disorder get laid as Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome , which can lead to progressive store loss from insufficient vitamin B1 . A person receive this condition will have problems with forming raw memories ; however , may not be aware of it .
Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT):Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) as a treatment for any genial health disorders can cause one to break retrograde amnesia ( 3 ) . One can also have anterograde amnesia that often resolve within 4 weeks of the treatment(4 ) .
What are the Risk Factors for Amnesia?
The risk factors for amnesia are :
What are the Symptoms of Amnesia?
retentiveness personnel casualty or loss of power to work new memory board is the primary symptom of amnesia . A person suffering from amnesia can live the following(5 ):
What are the Types of Amnesia?
There are unlike types of amnesia and consist of(6 , 7 ):
Retrograde Amnesia : Someone having retrograde amnesia will lose previously made and be memory . This form of amnesia first affect the recently formed remembering . Older memories , which are from puerility , are often slowly affected . Dementiacauses tedious or gradual retrograde amnesia .
Anterograde Amnesia : Someone having anterograde amnesia is not able to form new memories and this can be irregular also . One can have anterograde amnesia after inordinate alcohol consumption and experiencing a amnesia that follows .
Anterograde amnesia can be permanent too if there is damage to the hippocampus in the brain . The theatrical role of hippocampus is crucial in form young memories .
Transient Global Amnesia ( TGA):Transient planetary amnesia ( TGA ) is not distinctly understood and anybody who experiences it will suffer from hullabaloo or discombobulation that comes and goes on repeat over a period of several hours . There can be computer memory loss in the hours before the attempt without any lasting memory of the episode . According to expert Transient Global Amnesia pass because of temporary blockage in the blood vessels supplying the brain or due to any seizure - like activity . This stipulation is more frequent in middle - aged individuals and older adults .
Dissociative Amnesia : In this type of amnesia the patient has difficulty in remember vital data about themselves like name , family members , personal history and Quaker . Any traumatic or stressful event can cause dissociative amnesia and it often occurs abruptly and can persist for minutes , hours or days . seldom can it last for months or age .
Childhood or Infantile Amnesia : There are many of us who can not remember the initial 3 to 5 twelvemonth of our life and this is known as infantile or puerility amnesia .
Drug - Induced Amnesia : This type of amnesia will occur after deal certain drugs . Some of the drugs which can induce this form of store deprivation are : benzodiazepine , zopiclone , zolpidem , pentobarbital sodium , ketamine hydrochloride and flunitrazepam . Drug - induct memory red is often temporary and can be see in older grownup who take unlike sort of medicine .
Post - Traumatic Amnesia ( PTA):This form of amnesia is experience by citizenry who are hospitalise for a traumatic brain injury . Post - traumatic amnesia can also go on after a brief flow of loss of cognisance . Patient can be alive , but will speak and behave in a weird way , which is not like the affected role . There can be unfitness to remember or recollect events that have occurred from just mere second or hours ago . The continuance of time which post - traumatic amnesia hold out can be an meter reading of the hardship of the genius harm and it can last for less than 1 hour in face of mild trauma to more than 24 hours in case of keen brain injury .
What are the Complications of Amnesia?
Patients brook from meek blackout can also experience a reduced quality of life and it can try out to be take exception to do simple daily task of living and engaging in social action because of difficulty in recalling late memories and create new ones . Sometimes , the recede memories can not be retrieve .
patient with acute amnesia can require 24 hour of supervision .
How is Amnesia Diagnosed?
diagnosing of amnesia is done by a neurologist and it is done by enquire patient ’s medical story and questions about retentivity loss and additional symptom , which the patient role is having . The Dr. take the caregiver or the family line penis answers to all these questions as the patient may not echo or be able to answer the doubtfulness .
Tests done for diagnosis of amnesia:
Cognitive tests are done to check the patient ’s memory and other diagnostic tests , such as CT read orMRI scancan be done to look for brain equipment casualty .
Blood tests are also done to search for nutritionary want that can affect the cognitive use like deficient levels of vitamin B12 , vitamin B1or vitamin D.
Blood tests are also done to look for any infections , which can cause memory loss , such assyphilis , HIV or Lyme disease .
What is the Treatment for Amnesia?
discourse of amnesia is done by understanding and treat the inherent cause of amnesia .
Resolves on its own : Amnesia get by mild head psychic trauma can answer without treatment within minutes to hours(8 ) . Amnesia stimulate from acute point trauma can persist for a week . Rarely amnesia do by penetrating head trauma can last for many month .
Detoxification : Chemically induce amnesia , such as from alcohol , is decide via detoxification . Once the opprobrious drug is throw out from arrangement , the memory problems will gradually subside(9 ) .
Medications : There is no definite cure for amnesia triggered by dementia(10 ) . However , there are medications , which aid with learning and memory , such as galantamine , donepezil and or rivastigmine(11 ) .
Occupational therapycan be recommend when there is haunting retentivity going . It can help in learning new computer memory acquirement and information , which will help with the daily keep . The therapist also learn how to use unlike proficiency and computer memory attention for organizing information so it ca-ca it easy to remember them .
Is there any way to Prevent Amnesia?
Some of the healthy habit to embrace to reduce the risk of nous injuries , blackouts , stroke , dementia and other such causes for loss of memory are :
Conclusion
In some cases , amnesia can be lasting , but most of the times , it often purpose on its own . It is exceedingly challenging to live with amnesia and perform daily activities of bread and butter and a lot of outside help is needed . However , survey healthy modus vivendi and adopting healthier habits helps in write out down the hazard of amnesia .
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