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With the increase in life expectancy of multitude , various gerontological job are coming into spotlight . Alzheimer ’s disease , a type of dementia is one of them . In venom of the fact that patients present with the complaint of ‘ not remember ’ , the nature of the job disagree . While some individuals leave name of the great unwashed ( Anomia ) some others forget new events . Because of the increasing number of people who are coming in with complaints of this ‘ forgetfulness ’ a lot of inquiry is being conducted in the field of dementia .
What Is Dementia?
Dementia can be defined as a progressive degeneration of the brain which chair to deterioration in memory board and other cognitive functions . Generally , dementedness affect a somebody at an forward-looking age . It must be differentiated from cognitive decline due to old age .
Some of the common types of dementia are as follows :
Dementia of any form is irreversible . No known definite cure has been found . sure drug are used for symptom alleviation ( like anti - depressants , anxiolytics , anti - psycho etc . )
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
The account of Alzheimer ’s Disease dates back to 1906 when German physician Dr. Alois Alzheimer ’s patient died after suffering from hard computer storage problems , acute confusion , trouble in agreement what is being ask etc . Autopsy of the brain revealed dense deposits of neuritic plaques fence in the heart cadre . distorted bands of neurofibrillary tangles inside the nervus cells were see . This disorder which is referred to by his name has almost become synonymous with dementedness to the lay person .
Alzheimer’s Disease in Women
Epidemiological subject area have shown that women tend to hurt more from Alzheimer ’s disease than men . This can not simply be attributed to the with child life expectancy of women which make cleaning woman exist longer and thus there must be some other explanation . It has been found that mitochondria in younger females are protected against amyloid - beta toxicity and they tend to yield oxygen that is less responsive . Oxidation is boil down . Apoptosis among them is less . However , these advantages are lose in mitochondria of older female person probably because of lower estrogens levels .
Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Alzheimer ’s Disease generally progresses through stages . They are key below :
Pre-clinical/Pre-symptomatic Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease:
‘ Biomarker ’ tests can disclose genus Beta - amyloid and tau proteins in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a mellow - risk patient role long before any frame of cognitive diminution sets in . Specialized Positron Emission Tests and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans can also show subtle changes in the brain .
Pre-dementia/ Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease
The early symptoms of Alzheimer can be mistake for effects of aging or stress . Neuropsychological testing can bring out mild cognitive deficits . The most noticeable shortfall is in call back new information . Apathy , which can be mistaken for depression , can be noticed even in this early stage , and remains the most constant neuropsychiatric symptom throughout the disease . The diagnosis at this level can be meek cognitive impairment ( MCI )
Mild Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease
Loss of energy and spontaneity , minor memory loss , temper swings , difficulty in eruditeness , increase response time etc . can be present in this stagecoach . They start to prefer the familiar to anything newfangled . Even though they can do daylight - to - day task severally , they may need help with more complicated tasks . Speech becomes logopenic ( slow spoken language , with afflicted syntactical comprehension , and naming ) . Loss of sense of direction can adjust in . Patients might forget upshot . As they become aware of this forgetfulness , they may become downhearted , anxious , and irritable .
Moderate Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease
disablement increases as patients forget according to the Ribot ’s Law ( newly memorise information is recede earlier than older remembering ) . Orientation of metre and situation is mislay . A person can get lost even in familiar surroundings . schmooze sets in to fill in blanks in retention . raw words may be invented and alternate words are used to compensate for words which are unmanageable to happen . Memory for face might commence to be lost .
Severe Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease
The affected role becomes more unresponsive . Bowel and bladder control might be lost . Faces can not be recognized . chew and drink pose job which pave the way for pneumonia , infection , and other illnesses . Eventually it moderate to comatoseness and death .
Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Only a probable diagnosis can be arrived upon by study the history and symptomatology of the sickness .
The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke ( NINCDS ) and the Alzheimer ’s Disease and Related Disorders Association ( ADRDA , now known as the Alzheimer ’s Association ) set up the NINCDS - ADRDA Alzheimer ’s Criteria for diagnosing in 1984 . This was later update in 2007 . The criteria set that Alzheimer ’s disease must be confirm by neuropsychological testing to come at a likely diagnosing .
Nuclear medical imaging and blood trial can help with the diagnosis by ruling out other forms of dementedness . Moreover , only the examination of Einstein tissue paper can confirm diagnosing .
Neuropsychological Examination for Alzheimer Patients
A elaborate neuropsychological test can bring out the following :
Treatment and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Although there is no cure for Alzheimer ’s disease , a symptomatic management is what is done . The treatments available aim at slowing down the progression of the disease .
Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Prognosis or the course of the disease is very pathetic for Alzheimer ’s disease . As Alzheimer ’s disease is a reform-minded neurodegenerative disease , the ultimate fate of the patient is coma or death . However , participating interventions can aid to slow down the process .
Not much is known about the exact ground as to why Alzheimer ’s disease is more frequent in women , researcher indicate menopause to be a cause . A late study has launch that two - third of the American population ache from Alzheimer ’s disease are women . harmonize to the Alzheimer ’s Association ( 2014 ) , charwoman in their LX are doubly as likely to modernize Alzheimer ’s disease as to grow chest Crab . Nevertheless , there are more consciousness campaign forbreast cancerthan for AD . Thus an increased awareness is take which will help in former spotting , greater care , and dense progress of the disease . However , much in - depth study are required in field .
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